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Tropical Leaves

Black Lives

INDANGER

 15x17''

1 Bitcoin

In America, Black Lives have always been inDanger. To be Black in America can be taxing, tiring, terrifying, and constant. And to be Black AND a woman in America adds on top of that a life that is always exposed to varying levels of discrimination, racism, sexism, and prejudice, and, too often, all at the same time. Black women are already the most marginalised, oppressed, violated and lowest paid of all groups. And, to top it off, moulds have been crafted by patriarchy and society to define “ acceptable” behaviors, characteristics and appearances. Black women have always been at the forefront of social justice and change, yet rarely receive the accolades and recognition they deserve. Although their contributions were sometimes overlooked in both the Civil Rights and Women’s Movements, their power, courage, and endurance cannot be overstated. Black women have a distinctive standpoint from which to understand the intersection of race and gender and their unique experience of oppression. We live in a patriarchal society, which means men’s, including Black men’s, experiences and stories are privileged. We know about police killings of George Floyd, Philando Castile, Michael Brown, Trayvon Martin and Tamir Rice, but know very little about the deaths of Alberta Spruill, Shantel Davis, Shelly Frey, Kayla Moore, Kyam Livingston, Miriam Carey and Eleanor Bumpurs, who all were killed by police or died in their custody. Reckoning with how Black women are vulnerable, exposed, and tired in ways Black men could never be, and white men could never imagine, is a step toward upending implicit and explicit bias, discrimination, structural and institutional racism.

The usual causes of maternal mortality are conditions that occur or are exacerbated during pregnancy. Therefore, most instances of maternal mortality are preventable deaths. In America, Black women experience maternal mortality at a rate two to three times higher than that of white women. There are several reasons for the Black–white maternal mortality disparity in America, including historical reasons, access to care, socioeconomic status, incidence of preexisting conditions, medical racism, and abortion access. The estimated national maternal mortality rate in America is about 17 per 100,000, but is about 43 per 100,000 live births for Black women. And frighteningly, these higher rates of Black maternal mortality are due to higher fatality rates, not a higher number, or incidence, of cases. Similarly, while white women are more likely to have breast cancer, Black women have higher overall mortality rates from breast cancer. Unsafe abortion is a major contributing factor to maternal mortality and morbidity of Black women. The lack of access to safe abortions have been exacerbated within the past decades as states pass strict regulations around abortion especially in southern states with higher proportions of African Americans. Another phenomenon contributing to black maternal mortality is the dismissal of black women's pain by medical professionals. Historically, many medical and surgical techniques were developed by exploiting the bodies of enslaved Black women. These practices seem to have persisted into modern techniques, attitudes, and practices and could be the reasoning behind many imbalances in the treatment of Black women.

Addressing historical factors is essential to effectively assess the current healthcare needs of African American women especially as they relate to chronic stress and impacts on health outcomes across a variety of conditions potentially rooted in racism. If past influences that have potentially shaped current outcomes are not taken into consideration, then public health efforts may neglect the impact of larger, contextual factors that affect health and contribute to inequities. Although legalized slavery, the most notable manifestation of race-based mistreatment for African Americans, ended in 1865, racist practices and norms persist in institutions and attitudes that marginalize Black people, and especially Black women. Addressing health with a historical mindset can help ensure implementation of culturally appropriate programs, research, and treatment efforts that will more likely move public health toward achieving health equity.

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